How a human bladder disproved the theory of evolution
SPIRITUAL FOOD
"For thou didst form my inward parts, thou didst knit me together in my mother's womb."
Psalm 139:13
IN 1859 CHARLES DARWIN published his idea that all living species had arisen from some simple original life form through the natural selection of small, random, inherited variations that increased each individual’s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Over a very long period these small changes led to large changes and eventually to the plants, insects, fish, reptiles, animals, birds and people that we see today. There is no actual evidence in support of this idea, as I have explained in my book Z: The Final Generation, but could it actually be true? Let’s think about bladders!
Amoebae don’t have bladders. Therefore at some point in the supposed evolutionary ancestry of people there was a creature that did not possess a bladder to store waste fluids. Now a bladder can provide an advantage to existence only when it is functional. This means that in order to become established it must have been sufficiently formed and functional when it first appeared. In order to be functional, it must also have had nerves travelling all the way to the brain capable of telling the brain when it was full otherwise it would have burst, and bladders that kept bursting would have been a disadvantage to existence rather than an advantage. Those nerves must have developed at the same time as the fully formed bladder did, otherwise they would have served no purpose and would therefore have conferred no evolutionary advantage.¹ At the same time that the nerves were created, an area of the brain that could interpret the meaning of the messages they sent to it must have come into existence, otherwise neither the nerves nor the bladder would have been able to function properly. And at the same time as that, the brain must also have somehow simultaneously acquired by random mutation the means of communicating back to the bladder an instruction to empty itself when it was told that it was full, otherwise it would have burst. All these amazing random genetic changes must have happened simultaneously for any preferential survival rate to have been produced.
But let’s suppose that a fully functioning bladder did somehow come into existence through some totally miraculous random mutation. This would not be a small variation as Darwin proposed, nevertheless suppose it did occur. Not only must a bladder be fully formed and functional to be of any use, with all the correct connections to the brain and the required new section of the brain to control it, but it must also come into existence in the right part of the body, joined to an outlet from the kidneys and with its own outlet to the outside world. Even supposing that a random genetic mutation could somehow produce a fully formed bladder with functional connections to and from the brain, it would not have been helpful if it had appeared around someone’s ear, or on someone’s little toe, or as an extension to the heart. You may protest that I am unjustifiably ridiculing the idea of evolution, but if genetic mutations producing new information really do occur at random as Darwin proposed, without some external design and control, then by definition they could occur in any random part of the body. Can you or anyone else seriously believe that fully functioning bladders appeared at dozens of random positions on the bodies of some ancestral creatures before one happened to appear in the best position to take precedence over all the other ones through natural selection?
Furthermore, what are the chances that a baby born with this miraculous fully formed bladder in the right place and a modified nervous system and brain to accompany it would grow up and mate with someone who had acquired a similar miraculously formed bladder in the right place at the same time so that they could pass such a genetic deviation on to their children? Especially since male and female bladders are different and are located in different places? A mutated man could not pass his bladder-making instructions to his daughter, nor could a mutated woman pass them on to her son.
A similar argument would apply to almost every member of every creature’s body. A bird’s feathers give it an added chance of surviving predators only when they have become functional so that it can fly. Intermediate steps towards the development of feathers give a pre-bird no survival advantage and actually reduce its chance of escaping a predator by adding useless weight to it or by disadvantaging otherwise functional forelimbs.
Such considerations expose the Achilles heel in Darwin’s theory that life as we know it developed as a result of the ‘natural selection of small, random, inherited variations that increased each individual’s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce’. Small, random, inherited variations may help with something that already exists like the length of a foot, but small, random variations in the direction of some new organ or ability can never increase an individual’s ability to compete, survive and reproduce until the new organ or ability is sufficiently formed and functional. If anything they will hinder a creature’s chances of survival and continuity. Therefore, except possibly in the case of improvements to existing organs, small random variations that increase an individual’s ability to compete, survive and reproduce will simply never occur. And if the small intermediate steps never occur, then the eventual development of a new
functioning organ such as a bladder to which they would otherwise be heading will never occur either.
It is easier to believe that God made the world in six days than that bladders could have come into existence by chance.
Such considerations expose the Achilles heel in Darwin’s theory that life as we know it developed as a result of the ‘natural selection of small, random, inherited variations that increased each individual’s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce’. Small, random, inherited variations may help with something that already exists like the length of a foot, but small, random variations in the direction of some new organ or ability can never increase an individual’s ability to compete, survive and reproduce until the new organ or ability is sufficiently formed and functional. If anything they will hinder a creature’s chances of survival and continuity. Therefore, except possibly in the case of improvements to existing organs, small random variations that increase an individual’s ability to compete, survive and reproduce will simply never occur. And if the small intermediate steps never occur, then the eventual development of a new
functioning organ such as a bladder to which they would otherwise be heading will never occur either.
It is easier to believe that God made the world in six days than that bladders could have come into existence by chance.
1 Sensations from the bladder are transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS) via general visceral afferent fibres (GVA). GVA fibres on the superior surface follow the course of the sympathetic efferent nerves back to the CNS, while GVA fibres on the inferior portion of the bladder follow the course of the parasympathetic efferents.